As record-breaking heatwaves become more frequent and intense, misinformation about how to stay safe can be deadly. Experts have identified 13 of the biggest myths surrounding heatwaves and explain the science behind the truths.
Myth 1: A Cold Shower or Swim Is the Best Way to Cool Down
While it may seem logical, plunging into cold water can actually be dangerous. Sudden cold immersion can cause shock, leading to a rapid increase in heart rate and blood pressure, which may trigger a heart attack or drowning. Instead, experts recommend using cool (not cold) water, applying wet cloths to pulse points, or taking a tepid shower.
Myth 2: You Only Need to Drink When Thirsty
Thirst is a late indicator of dehydration. By the time you feel thirsty, your body is already dehydrated. During a heatwave, drink water regularly even if you don't feel thirsty. The elderly and children are especially at risk because their thirst mechanisms are less sensitive.
Myth 3: Fans Are Effective for Cooling During a Heatwave
Electric fans can actually increase heat stress when temperatures exceed 35°C (95°F) by blowing hot air onto the body, accelerating dehydration. Fans only work if you can also mist your skin with water. In extreme heat, air conditioning or cool public spaces are safer.
Myth 4: Heatwaves Only Affect the Vulnerable
While the elderly, young children, and those with chronic conditions are most at risk, even healthy young adults can suffer heatstroke, heat exhaustion, or death if they overexert themselves or fail to hydrate. In the 2003 European heatwave, thousands of healthy individuals died.
Myth 5: A Sunburn Is Just a Minor Discomfort
Sunburn impairs the skin's ability to regulate temperature, making it harder for the body to cool down. Severe sunburn can cause blistering, fever, and dehydration, and increases the risk of skin cancer. Always wear sunscreen, a hat, and protective clothing.
Myth 6: Heatstroke Only Happens After Prolonged Exposure
Heatstroke can occur within minutes of intense activity in high temperatures, even if you haven't been outside long. Symptoms include confusion, red hot dry skin, and loss of consciousness. Immediate medical attention is critical; while waiting, cool the person rapidly with any means available.
Myth 7: You Can't Get Heat Exhaustion Indoors
Indoor temperatures can rise dangerously high, especially in poorly ventilated or unairconditioned homes. Many heat-related deaths occur indoors, particularly among the elderly living alone. Use a thermometer to monitor indoor temperature and consider visiting a cooling center.
Myth 8: Alcohol and Caffeinated Drinks Keep You Hydrated
Alcohol and caffeine are diuretics, meaning they increase urine production and can lead to dehydration. During a heatwave, avoid or limit these beverages. Water, electrolyte drinks, or diluted fruit juices are better choices.
Myth 9: Heatwaves Are Just Uncomfortable, Not Dangerous
Heat is the deadliest natural disaster in many countries, killing more people annually than hurricanes, floods, or tornadoes. In Australia, heatwaves have caused more deaths than all other natural hazards combined. The 2009 Victorian heatwave resulted in 374 excess deaths.
Myth 10: You Should Keep Windows Closed All Day
This depends on the time of day. At night, open windows to let cooler air in. Once the morning sun hits, close windows and curtains to keep heat out. A well-insulated home with reflective blinds can stay significantly cooler.
Myth 11: Men and Women Are Equally Affected by Heat
Studies show that women may be more vulnerable to heat-related mortality due to physiological differences, such as lower sweat rates and higher body fat percentage. Additionally, social factors like living alone and poverty can increase risk, especially among elderly women.
Myth 12: Heatwaves Are Only a Summer Problem
Heatwaves can occur in spring and autumn, catching people off guard. In some regions, early-season heatwaves are more dangerous because bodies haven't acclimatized. Always check forecasts and prepare for extreme heat regardless of the season.
Myth 13: There's Nothing You Can Do to Prepare
Preparation saves lives. Simple steps include: installing air conditioning or identifying cool public places, checking on vulnerable neighbors, stocking up on water and electrolyte solutions, and knowing the signs of heat illness. Community heatwave plans have been shown to reduce mortality.
According to Dr. Liz Hanna, a heatwave expert from the Australian National University, 'Busting these myths is essential for public health. Misinformation can lead to risky behavior that turns a manageable situation into a tragedy.' As climate change drives more frequent and severe heatwaves, understanding the facts is more important than ever.
