Survival Rates Improve Across Most Cancers
Australians diagnosed with cancer are living longer than ever before, according to a comprehensive new report from the Australian Institute of Health and Welfare (AIHW). The report, released on Thursday, reveals that five-year survival rates for all cancers combined have increased from 51% in the late 1980s to 71% in 2018–2022. However, the same data shows a worrying trend: diagnosis rates are climbing among younger Australians, particularly those aged 15–39.
Rising Incidence in Younger Age Groups
Between 2000 and 2022, cancer incidence rates for people aged 15–39 increased by an average of 1.1% per year. The report notes that this rise is driven largely by increases in breast cancer, melanoma, and colorectal cancer. Dr. Justin Harvey, a cancer epidemiologist at AIHW, said, "While survival gains are a testament to advances in treatment and early detection, the rising rates in younger people are a concern that warrants further investigation."
Key Findings on Specific Cancers
Prostate cancer continues to have one of the highest survival rates, at 95% after five years. Testicular cancer survival is similarly high at 98%. In contrast, pancreatic cancer remains the deadliest, with only 12% of patients surviving five years. Lung cancer survival has improved significantly, from 9% in the late 1980s to 22% in 2018–2022, thanks to better treatments and earlier diagnosis.
Disparities by Geography and Indigenous Status
The report also highlights persistent inequalities. Australians living in remote areas are 10% less likely to survive five years after a cancer diagnosis compared to those in major cities. Indigenous Australians have a 30% higher cancer mortality rate than non-Indigenous Australians, despite having a similar incidence rate. Dr. Harvey emphasized, "Closing the gap in cancer outcomes for Indigenous Australians remains a critical priority."
Impact of Screening and Prevention
National screening programs for breast, cervical, and bowel cancer have contributed to earlier detection and improved survival. However, participation rates in some programs have declined, particularly during the COVID-19 pandemic. The report estimates that if participation in bowel cancer screening increased to 60%, an additional 84,000 deaths could be prevented by 2040.
Future Challenges and Recommendations
With an aging population and rising incidence in younger groups, the number of new cancer cases is projected to increase by 30% over the next 20 years. The AIHW recommends strengthening prevention efforts, particularly around smoking, obesity, and alcohol consumption, as well as investing in targeted research for cancers with poor survival outcomes.
